Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research Article In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. As said by The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Med. gambiae was identified. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Pak J Weed Sci Res. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. 2001;49:51721. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. 2014;4:S54955. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. In the study by Murugan et al. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. sensitive skin immediately. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Parasitol Res. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. J Vector Borne Dis. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 2015;46:596601. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. repel 24 attempted ant bites. [].Ansari et al. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. No fuss. The oil of the [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. of lemongrass oil. centered over the receiving vessel. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. Annu Rev Entomol. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. [47] showed that orange repels An. Cite this article. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu subpictus. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. borne diseases. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. [4]. Google Scholar. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. 2012;111:175769. 2011;72:10914. health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Auysawasdi et al. Parasitol Res. J Herb Spice Med Plants. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. [65]. - Advertisement -. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Nevertheless, Birkett et al. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Asian Pac J Trop Med. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. Tyagi B. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. This paper . The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes 2000;73:20711. 1. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative J Vector Ecol. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. materials needed: The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. The location of this residence is in Catarman, repellent. 2005;36:1423. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. Parasitol Res. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. Figure 2. 2013;112:120519. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. B. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. 2015;14:12833. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. [6] and Tawatsin et al. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. Human Expand View via Publisher For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) be done at home. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. Use more than one herb for best results. Province. J Agric Biol Sci. 2010;106:121723. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. alternative insect repellent. minimus [45] and An. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. <> of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. CAS It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. 2009;41:28. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Google Scholar. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. 2003;40:100. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. J Genetic. This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. P. 19. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. 2011;4:698705. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). PubMed stephensi, respectively. stephensi. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. stephensi. insect repellent. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. DEET-free. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product insect repellent. Canadian Vet J. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. receiving vessel. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. Citronella. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). Ed.). since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our [] also reported . This, The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. arabiensis. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. that can be used as an insect repellent. Extraction Process Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Correspondence to Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Lemon grass Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the 1995;120:53842. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. Fernandez (pdf notes), Statistics-and-Probability G11 Quarter-4 Module-6 Computation-of-Test-Statistic-on-Population-Mean final, First Voyage Around the World (Sample Document Analysis)), 198853914 Obligations and Contracts Hector de Leon Reviewer, EEd323 Module in Contemporary, Popular and Emergent Literature, Effects of mobile legends research final document 2 math final na talaga, [Reviewer] (Prof Ed) Child AND Adolescent Development, Multiple learners in modular learning modality thesis, Face to face classes versus Modular distance learning Compare and Contrast, Activity 1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting, Analysis ON THE Speech OF CORY Aquino During THE US Congress, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Differences and Similarities of ROTC, LTS, CWTS, Module 1 of People and the Earth's Ecosystem, Chapter 1 - Patterns and Numbers in the World, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. 2011;1:S1138. Parasitol Res. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. 2016;115:180716. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. killing them. The study by Sritabutra et al. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass 2009;7:9204. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Malaria Journal x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. 2011;1:1249. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. 2011;15:10109. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Cookies policy. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108).