Independence Hall Association. Oliver Cromwell, who now ruled England, had little sympathy for the extreme actions of the Maryland Puritans. In addition, controversy arose over his Roman Catholic practices. Accessed 6/6/19. The Middle Colonies included New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, and the Southern Colonies included Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina. They gave thanks and held what is considered to be the first Catholic Mass in the English colonies. "African American History and Culture." A 1689 rebellion by Protestants overthrew the proprietary officers, leading to an interval of crown rule in the royal colony of Maryland (1692â1715). Although England had overruled attempts by Virginia to prevent the Maryland colony from being established, Lord Baltimore soon encountered more trouble with the Virginians as Maryland became settled. This new site was located farther downstream from St. Clement's Island, along the banks of a tributary of the Potomac, now called St. Mary's River. As if these deeds weren't notable enough, Brent is perhaps best known for her appearance before the Maryland Assembly. Maryland Public Television. "The Colonial Kids' Guide to St. Mary's City." Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Accessed 6/6/19. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. During the 1790s, Banneker played a leading role in planning Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. Maryland was the first proprietary colony, based on a grant to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who named the land for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. Lord Baltimore planned for Maryland to serve as a haven for English Catholics who suffered political and religious discrimination in England, but few Catholics actually settled in the colony. Accessed 6/6/19. Maryland State Archives. Most of these American Indians were Woodland Indians who spoke an Algonquian language. Independence Hall Association. Accessed 6/6/19. "Who Burned the Peggy Stewart?" Though the temprature of Maryland swings from freezing, rainy winters to broiling summers on an annual basis- because it rests on both sides of Chesapeake bay (the largest in the U.S.), it is extremly fertile and excellent for growing crops. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. However, the colony of Maryland was not chartered until 1632 or formally settled until 1634. Naval Academy was founded on the Severn River in Annapolis. George Calvert did not become a Catholic until adulthood. Click the image to view an enlarged map of Maryland, 1634â1660. Chestertown Tea Party Festival. European settlement dramatically changed this area for its American Indian population. "St. Clements Island State Park." Pres. The assembly, now controlled by Puritans, passed anti-Catholic legislation, as well as other laws restricting religious freedom. Accessed 6/6/19. Maryland Office of Tourism. Accessed 6/6/19. It was originally intended by its proprietors, George Calvertâthe first Lord Baltimoreâand his son Cecilius (Cecil)âthe second Lord Baltimoreâto be a refuge for English Catholics and a source of family prosperity. "History, Colonial America to 1763." "All Aboard for Cumberland." The Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, stretches across the state and the Maryland Eastern Shore runs along the Atlantic Ocean. With peace, Maryland and the rest of the country concentrated on making improvements in transport and communication. Marylandâs controversy with Virginia over the use of the Potomac and lower Chesapeake Bay, resulting in the Compact of 1785, led toward the Constitutional Convention (1787), as did the Annapolis Convention of 1786, at which Maryland was not represented. "Charles Carroll of Carrollton." Maryland’s share of the Appalachian Mountains comprises a series of forested barriers, with many of the intervening valleys still uncleared. Maryland and Virginia. Library of Congress. The Toleration Act is considered an important milestone in colonial American history. Accessed 6/6/19. Calvert's charter, a proprietary charter, was strongly feudal in tone. Accessed 6/6/19. Prince George's County Historical Society. Accessed 6/6/19. Why Should We Remember? On January 21, 1648, Brent asked the assembly to grant her two votes: one for herself as a landowner and one as executor of Governor Calvert's estate. They are the Western Region, Capital Region, Central Region, Southern Region and the Eastern Shore Region. Anne Arundel County, Maryland. In March 1655, Stone and a force of about 100 soldiers made an unsuccessful attempt to recapture the government in the Battle of the Severn. "Charles Carroll of Carrollton." Accessed 6/6/19. Accessed 6/6/19. Accessed 6/6/19. Maryland Public Television. Accessed 6/6/19. These American Indian groups lived a nomadic lifestyle, hunting and gathering. "William Paca." Accessed 6/6/19. The two colonies had been disputing their shared border for many years, almost since the founding of Pennsylvania in the late 1600s. "Today in History: November 9." Catholic Encyclopedia. Maryland Colony Facts The Maryland Colony was one of America's first original 13 colonies. Accessed 6/6/19. She was involved in over 100 court casesâand won them all. Accessed 6/6/19. Accessed 6/6/19. "Chestertown Tea Party Festival." One well-known opponent of the Stamp Act was Danial Dulany of Annapolis. Around 1,500 years ago, they began growing squash, beans, and tobacco. Maryland Public Television. Some estimates suggest that less than 150 of the Piscataway population survived in Maryland by 1700. John Smith sailed into Chesapeake Bay and stayed for several weeks to map the shoreline. Finally, in 1692, Maryland became a royal colony with the Church of England as the established religion. "Leonard Calvert." "It Is the Mass that Matters." Slavery and tobacco would continue to play leading roles in colonial Maryland's history and culture. Learn more about the day the Mason-Dixon line was formed by clicking here. 1632 - The royal charter for the colony of Maryland is granted to George Calvert. On March 25, 1634, the settlers rowed ashore to a small island, which they named St. Clement's, located in the mouth of the Potomac River (part of the Chesapeake Bay water basin). In Prince George's County, slaves made up over 50 percent of the county's population by the mid-1700s. A small tribe located along the St. Mary's River in southern Maryland, the Yoacomaco maintained sovereignty while conducting trade with the Piscataway, the Powhatan Confederacy of Virginia, and European settlers. Lonang Institute. Accessed 6/6/19. After the Glorious Revolution, the resentment Maryland's Protestants held toward the province's Catholic leaders in St. Mary's City boiled over in the Maryland Revolution of 1689. "Constitution of Maryland, November 3, 1776." By then, most of the American Indians in the colony had been pushed out, killed in various conflicts, or died from diseases, such as smallpox. Maryland State Archives. Postwar problems included the disposition of confiscated loyalist property, the struggle for paper money, and debtor relief. "John Carroll." Many were indentured servants. In 1632 Cecilius Calvert was granted a charter for the land as a haven in which his fellow Roman Catholics might escape the restrictions placed on them in England. "Cecil (Cecilius) Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore." Accessed 6/6/19. "Declaration of Independence: The Signer's Gallery." However, Governor Calvert died soon after, in 1647. Paca served three terms as Maryland's governor and as a federal district judge. 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