The humerus articulates with the scapula proximally at the glenohumeral joint so it participates in the movements of the shoulder. The shaft or body is the middle part of the humerus, and it gives attachment to several muscles. The proximal half of the shaft is of a cylindrical shape, whereas the distal half is triangular. Ambiguities arise concerning to the anatomic position of the implants and the resulting mechanic performance. When the elbow is in the extended position, the posterior and inferior aspects of the trochlea are in contact with the ulna. The non-articular part consists of the medial and lateral epicondyles as well as the olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa and radial fossae. It has a smooth proximal surface and is largely covered by the deltoid muscle. The lateral lip is also known as the crest of the greater tubercle, and it gives attachment to the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle. It extends between the shoulder and the elbow and is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. Also, the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to its posterior aspect. 2020 21 synonyms for neck: nape, pet, make out, snog, kiss and cuddle, smooch, canoodle, level, equal, side by side, close together, nip and tuck, level pegging.... What are synonyms for anatomic neck of humerus? During the extension of the elbow, the tip of the ulnar olecranon process lodges into this fossa. n. 1. 10,23-25 On this note, the intrinsic stability by proper reduction of the fracture is essential in order to prevent failure. The radial groove is a shallow groove that interrupts the medial border in its medial third. Anteroposterior locking screws placed into the proximal humerus endanger the axillary nerve because it lies directly over the posterior cortex as little as 0.7 cm from the surgical neck. The humerus is a long bone (Based on the types of bones). The deltoid muscle covers the lateral aspect of the greater tubercle, resulting in the normal rounded shape of the shoulder. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: (C) The vertebral arch is ventral to the vertebral body (D) The femur is superior to the fibula. Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels of the brain, Head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, Impact, avulsion, transverse, spiral, intercondylar. The four rotator cuff muscles, the main muscles responsible for shoulder stability and mobility, all attach here. These fragments were the articular head, the greater and lesser tuberosities, and the humeral shaft.1,2,122 Kocher’s classification He classified proximal humerus fractures based on anatomical level of fracture 1. In young adults, it can result from falling on the hand when the arm is in abduction. Test your knowledge with our bone quizzes and labeled diagrams. In 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures, outcomes are generally associated with anatomic reduction and fixation of associated tuberosity fractures.11 However, tuberosity fracture fixation can be tenuous given the relatively poor baseline bone quality at this area of the proximal humerus and potential for extensive comminution. A fall onto the outstretched hand can also cause a spiral fracture of the shaft of the humerus. Lateral to the trochlea is the capitulum, which is a rounded and convex projection on the distal end of the humerus. Movement of the humerus is essential to all of the varied activities of the arm, such as throwing, lifting, and writing. The distal end or extremity of the humerus has both articular and non-articular parts. Here's a mnemonic that can help you out. The ulnar nerve crosses its smooth posterior surface and is palpable in this location. – (B) The radius is medial to the ulna. The capitulum is a convex and rounded projection that covers the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lateral condyle of the humerus. Three impressions mark it at the upper posterior aspect, all of which serve for the attachment of muscles. The articular part is a modified condyle, which consists of a medial trochlea and a lateral capitulum, separated by a faint groove. It consists of three borders known as the anterior, lateral and medial borders. The coronoid fossa is a smaller hollow that is also located superior to the trochlea, but on the anterior surface. vet-Anatomy vet-Anatomy the interactive atlas of veterinary anatomy. Antonyms for anatomic neck of humerus. An easy way to remember the relation of latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and teres major muscles as they insert in the intertubercular sulcus is to use the following mnemonic! Another important landmark is the anatomical neck, a slightly more narrow area just below the tubercles but above the shaft, which is the long part of the bone. The lesser tubercle is found anterior to the anatomical neck and has a smooth, palpable muscular impression. The lesser tubercle is located anterior to the anatomical neck and has a smooth, palpable muscular impression. Fractures of the humerus are relatively common and can occur at any location on the humerus. The non-articular part consists of the medial and lateral epicondyles, as well as the olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa, and radial fossae. The lateral part forms the medial margin of the intertubercular sulcus. Relationships of diaphyseal, metaphyseal and humeral head axes have been reported in the relevant literature dealing with proximal femoral morphology. The middle portion of the lateral border is adjacent to the rough V shaped area referred to as the deltoid tubercle/tuberosity. The lesser tubercle of the humerus gives attachment to the subscapularis muscle. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. The anatomical neck of the humerus is a narrowing below the articular surface of the head. It extends from your shoulder to your elbow, where it joins with the ulna and radius bones of your forearm. The subscapularis muscle attaches at this tubercle and the transverse ligament of the shoulder also attaches on its lateral part. The aim of this biomechanical study was to compare the performance of different anatomical plate configurations for fixation of comminuted distal humerus fractures within one system. Humerus Parts of The Humerus Bone. Pearl 1: fine tuning of plate position If the first screw is inserted only loosely in the center of the elongated hole, fine-tuning of the plate position is still possible. The head is a hemispheroidal shape, with hyaline cartilage covering its smooth articular surface. The humerus articulates with the scapula proximally at the glenohumeral joint so it participates in the movements of the shoulder. The lateral portion of the brachialis muscle originates from the distal part of this surface, as well as from the proximla two third of the lateral supracondylar ridge. It is located superomedially to the medial condyle. Last reviewed: December 17, 2020 The humerus has two large knobs at the top of the bone, called the greater and lesser tubercles, which join the scapula in order to provide movement along with stability. Also, the transverse ligament of the shoulder attaches here. A direct blow to the arm can result in a transverse fracture of the humeral shaft. It is a common fracture site. There is an impression on the lateral and anterior surfaces where the seven muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate. These include the: The olecranon fossa is a deep hollowed area on the posterior surface, superior to the trochlea. Differentiate between the trochlea and capitulum at the elbow joint very easily using this mnemonic! In this study, anatomical plasty or bone resection was performed to restore anatomical morphology in 10 cases of osteoarthritis of the elbow and deformity of the distal end of the humerus. The lateral aspect also contains multiple vascular foramina. Please contact. The margin of the smooth area of the head is the anatomical neck of the humerus. The joint capsule of the shoulder joint attaches here. Material and methods We performed an anatomical study of 22 cadaveric shoulders to find out the relationship between the normal anatomical position of the humeral head and tears of the rotator cuff. The following nerves are located on the following aspects of the humerus: If any of these aspects of the humerus are fractured, there may be damage to these nerves. It is most commonly seen in the middle-aged and in the elderly. The shaft of the humerus has three borders and three surfaces. From superior to inferior, the muscles that attach at these impressions are the: Remember the muscles attaching to the greater tubercle of the humerus using the following mnemonic! All rights reserved. The medial lip serves as the attachment site for the teres major muscle. The tendon of the pectoralis major muscle attaches on to the lateral lip (a.k.a. The long tendon of the biceps brachii and a branch of the ascending circumflex humeral artery lie within the intertubercular sulcus. Read more. During growth, bone forms at the physeal plate as the child ages. The anatomical position is a standing position, with the head facing forward and the arms to the side. The feet are spaced slightly apart with the toes pointing forward. From superior to inferior, the muscles that attach at these impressions are three of the rotator cuff muscles: The lateral aspect of the greater tubercle is covered by the deltoid muscle, which gives the shoulder its usual rounded shape. At the distal end, the humerus articulates with the head of the radius and the trochlear notch of the ulna, forming the elbow joint. It is in close proximity to the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. The nature of the elbow joint enables the movements that are limited to the arm and forearm, and cannot be performed within the other parts of the body, such as supination and pronation. The anteromedial surface is located between the anterior and medial borders of the shaft/body, beginning proximally at the floor of the intertubercular sulcus. Charlotte O'Leary BSc, MBChB The lateral border of the humerus ends at the lateral epicondyle. The long head of biceps runs between the tuberosities in the bicipital groove, and the surgical neck is just below the greater and lesser tuberosities. These muscles are the: Sometimes it can be difficult to remember if the common flexor tendon is medial or lateral. The head of the humerus has a hemispherical shape and has a smooth articular surface, which is covered by hyaline cartilage. -describe the anatomical position of ulna, humerus, femur, and ribs. Remember them more easily using the following mnemonic! In extension, the inferior surface is in contact with the radius but in the flexed position the radial head slides towards the anterior aspect of the humerus. Unlike the trochlea, it doesn’t cover the posterior surface. The palms are facing forward with the fingers extended, and the thumbs are pointing away from the body. The lateral border begins just distal to the greater tubercle of the humerus. Lateral to the coronoid fossa and superior to the capitulum of the humerus is another hallow area called the radial fossa—the margin of the head of the radius lodges into this fossa upon full elbow flexion. Their incidence is increasing with the aging of the population. The proximal end of the humerus consists of a head, an anatomical neck and the greater and lesser tubercles. The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. When the greater tubercle is pulled away from the head of the humerus the result in an avulsion fracture. • There is also a slight narrowing below the tubercles, which is known as the surgical neck of the humerus. Kenhub. The proximal region of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula, forming the glenohu… In the anatomical position, the head faces in a medial, superior, and posterior direction, where it articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. 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